N.B. Only individuals mentioned on my blog are listed below and they are generally only listed if there are dates associated with them.
Agesilaos II (reigned 401/400–360/359 BCE) = Eurypontid king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Agesilaos II was the second son of king Arkhidamos II. Agesilaos succeeded his half-brother Agis II in preference to Agis’ son Leotykhidas thanks to the efforts of Lysander. Agesilaos defeated the Thebans, etc. at Koroneia in 394 BCE. Agesilaos died while returning to Greece from service in Egypt as a mercenary commander in 360/359 BCE. Agesilaos II was succeeded by his son Arkhidamos III.
Agesipolis I (reigned 395–380 BCE) = Agiad king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Agesipolis I was the eldest son of King Pausanias. Agesipolis succeeded his father, who was exiled after the battle of Haliartos. Agesipolis I died at the siege of Olynthos in 380 BCE. He was succeeded by his brother Kleombrotos I.
Agesipolis II (reigned 371–370 BCE) = Agiad king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Agesipolis II was the son of Kleombrotos I. Agesipolis II succeeded his father, who died at the battle of Leuktra. He was succeeded by his brother Kleomenes II.
Agiadai (Ἀγιάδαι) = the descendants of Agis I, a legendary king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). The Agiadai were the members of the senior royal house of the Lakedaimonians. According to legend, Herakles had a son named Hyllos, a grandson named Kleodaios, a great-grandson named Aristomakhos, and a great-great-grandson named Aristodemos. Aristodemos had twin sons, the elder being Eurysthenes and the younger being Prokles. The twins became co-kings and thereby founded the two royal houses in Sparta. Agis I was the son of Eurysthenes. (Herodotos 4.147, 6.51–52, 7.204; Pausanias 3.1.5–3.2.1, 3.7.1; Strabon 8.5.4–5)
Agis II (reigned 427/426–401/400 BCE) = Eurypontid king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Agis II was the son of king Arkhidamos II. Agis II succeeded his father and was a prominent commander during the long Peloponnesian War. Agis II defeated Argos, Athens, etc. at the battle of Mantinea in 418 BCE. Agis II was succeeded by his half-brother Agesilaos II.
Agis III (reigned 338–331/330 BCE) = Eurypontid king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Agis III was the son of king Arkhidamos III. Agis III succeeded his father and was himself succeeded by his brother Eudamidas I. Agis III was defeated and slain by Antipater, the viceroy of Alexander the Great, at the battle of Megalopolos in 331/330 BCE.
Akhaimenidai (Ἀχαιμενίδαι) = the descendants of Akhaimenes (Ἀχαιμένες) aka Achaemenes. See: Hakhamanishiya.
Aleuadai (Ἀλευάδαι) = the descendants of Aleuas the Red, who was a semi-legendary Thessalian ruler credited with dividing Thessaly into four tetrades. The Aleuadai were the leading family of Larisa in Thessaly.
Alexander the Great (reigned 336–323 BCE) = xxx
Alkmaionidai (Ἀλκμαιωνίδαι) = the descendants of Alkmaion. The Alkmaionidai were one of the leading families of Athens and one of the most controversial.
Arkhidamos II (reigned ca. 476/475–427 BCE) = Eurypontid king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Arkhidamos II was the son of Zeuxidamos. Arkhidamos II succeeded his grandfather Leotykhidas II. Following an earthquake in Lakedaimon, Arkhidamos II rallied the Lakedaimonians against the rebel helots. Though he opposed war with Athens, once war began Arkhidamos II was a prominent commander. As a result, the first phase of the Peloponnesian War was called the Arkhidamian War.
Arkhidamos III (reigned 360/359–338 BCE) = Eurypontid king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Arkhidamos III was the son of king Agesilaos II. Arkhidamos III succeeded his father Agesilaos II and was the victor in the so-called ‘Tearless Battle’ in ca. 367 BCE. Arkhidamos III served the Tarantines as a mercenary commander, but was defeated and slain by the Lucanians near Manduria in 338 BCE. He was succeeded by his son Agis III.
Daokhidai (Δαοχίδαι ?) = the descendants of Daokhos and one of the leading families of Pharsalos in Thessaly.
Dareios III (reigned 336-330 BCE) = xxx
Ekhekratidai (Ἐχεκρατίδαι ?) = the descendants of Ekhekrates and one of the leading families of Pharsalos in Thessaly.
Eurypontidai (Εὐρυπωντίδαι) = the descendants of Eurypon, a legendary king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). The Eurypontidai were the members of the junior royal house of the Lakedaimonians. According to Herodotos (8.131) and Strabon (8.5.5), Eurypon was the son of Prokles. However, Plutarch (Lykourgos 1.4, 2.2) and Pausanias the periēgētēs (3.7.1) both recorded that Eurypon was the son of Soos, the son of Prokles. See: Agiadai.
Hakhamanishiya (OP: Haxāmanišiyā) = the descendants of Hakhamanish (OP: Haxāmaniš), the legendary founder of the Hakhamanishiyan/Akhaimenid Persian dynasty. Hakhamanish was known as Akhaimenes to the Greeks. See: Akhaimenidai.
Kleombrotos = Agiad prince of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Kleombrotos was the youngest son of King Anaxandridas. Kleombrotos was either the triplet brother of Dorieus and Leonidas I or the twin brother of Leonidas I (Herodotos. 5.41). After the death of Leonidas I at Thermopylai, Kleombrotos directed the fortification of the Isthmos of Korinth against the Persians. Kleombrotos died later that year in 480/479 BCE. His sons were the regent Pausanias and Nikomedes.
Kleombrotos I (reigned 380–371 BCE) = Agiad king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Kleombrotos I was the second son of King Pausanias. Kleombrotos succeeded his brother Agesipolis I. He was slain in the battle of Leuktra against the Thebans in 371 BCE and was succeeded by his son Agesipolis II.
Kleomenes I (reigned ca. 520–490 BCE) = Agiad king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Kleomenes I was the eldest son of King Anaxandridas by his second wife. Kleomenes I toppled the Athenian tyrant Hippias in ca. 510 BCE and defeated the Argives at Sepeia in ca. 494 BCE. Kleomenes I died under mysterious circumstances and was succeeded by his half-brother Leonidas I.
Kleomenes II (reigned 370–309/308 BCE) = Agiad king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Kleomenes II was the son of Kleombrotos. Kleomenes II succeeded his brother Agesipolis II.
Leonidas I (reigned ca. 490–480 BCE) = Agiad king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Leonidas I was the second son of King Anaxandridas by his first wife. Leonidas I was either the triplet brother of Dorieus and Kleombrotos or the twin brother of Kleombrotos (Herodotos. 5.41). Leonidas I succeeded his half-brother Kleomenes I. Leonidas I is famous for his failed defense of the pass of Thermopylai against the Persians in 480 BCE. Leonidas I was succeeded by his infant son Pleistarkhos.
Menonidai (Μενωνίδαι) = the descendants of Menon and one of the leading families of Pharsalos in Thessaly.
Pausanias = Agiad prince of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Pausanias was the son of Kleombrotos, the brother of King Leonidas I. Pausanias was the guardian of his infant cousin King Pleistarkhos, the son of Leonidas I. Pausanias was the victor at the battle of Plataia against the Persians in 479 BCE. After a number of intrigues, Pausanias was starved to death in the temple of Athena Khalkioikos in 471/470 BCE. Pausanias was the father of King Pleistoanax. For sake of clarity, Pausanias is referred to as the regent Pausanias.
Pausanias (reigned ?? BCE) = Agiad king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Pausanias was the son of Pleistoanax and the grandson of the regent Pausanias. King Pausanias played a prominent role in the surrender of Athens and the restoration of democracy in Athens following the Peloponnesian War. King Pausanias failed to arrive in time to prevent the defeat and death of Lysander at Haliartos in 395 BCE. As a result, King Pausanias was condemned to death and fled into exile at Tegea. King Pausanias was succeeded by his sons Agesipolis I and Kleombrotos I.
Peisistratidai (Πεισιστρατίδαι) = the descendants of the Athenian tyrant Peisistratos. The two most prominent Peisistratidai were Hippias and Hipparkhos, the sons of Peisistratos.
Philip II (reigned 359–336 BCE) = xxx
Pleistarkhos (reigned 480–458 BCE) = Agiad king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Pleistarkhos was the son of King Leonidas, whom he succeeded on the throne. Since Pleistarkhos was still an infant, his cousin Pausanias acted as his guardian during the early years of his reign.
Pleistoanax (reigned ca. 458–408/407 BCE) = Agiad king of Lakedaimon (Sparta). Pleistoanax was the son of the regent Pausanias. Pleistoanax was exiled to Arkadia for taking bribes, but was reinstated.
Skopadai (Σκοπάδαι) = the descendants of Skopas and the leading family of Krannon in Thessaly.
NOTES
My principal sources for the spelling of ancient names are:
- Brill’s New Pauly aka New Pauly Online. Edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition). English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition). 1996–.
- Kent, Roland G. Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon. Second Edition, Revised. (American Oriental Series, volume 33). New Haven, Connecticut: American Oriental Society, 1953.
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